Add 'Oxandrolone Wikipedia'

Oxandrolone-Wikipedia.md

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+Oxandrolone Wikipedia
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+Oxandrolone
+<br>Oxandrolone is an oral anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) used in medical settings to treat specific conditions and promote muscle growth. It belongs to the 17-alpha-alkylated class of steroids, enhancing protein synthesis and nitrogen retention.<br>
+
+Medical uses
+<br>It is prescribed for cachexia associated with HIV/AIDS, chronic wasting diseases, recovery from burns/surgery, and osteoporosis. It may also be used off-label to stimulate appetite or treat growth failure in children.<br>
+
+Non-medical uses
+<br>In bodybuilding and athletics, oxandrolone is abused for enhancing muscle mass and strength despite health risks. Its lower androgenic effects compared to other steroids make it a preferred choice among some users.<br>
+
+Contraindications
+<br>Absolute contraindications include hypersensitivity, severe liver disease, undiagnosed breast/prostate cancer, and pregnancy (Category X). Relative risks exist for cardiovascular issues or hormonal disorders.<br>
+
+Side effects
+
+Hepatotoxicity: Jaundice, elevated liver enzymes 
+Androgenic effects: Acne, hirsutism, voice deepening (in females) 
+Circulatory: Thrombosis, hypertension
+Endocrine: Testicular atrophy, menstrual irregularities
+
+
+Interactions
+<br>Potentiates effects of anticoagulants and insulin. Reduces efficacy of antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors.<br>
+
+Pharmacology
+
+Pharmacodynamics
+<br>Binds to androgen receptors to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, increase red blood cell count via erythropoiesis, and promote bone growth in pediatric patients.<br>
+
+Steroid configuration
+<br>Methylated at carbon 17 for oral bioavailability. Contains a double bond (delta-9) reducing androgenicity compared to testosterone.<br>
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+Pharmacokinetics
+
+
+Oral Bioavailability:60–80%
+Bioactive metabolites:Oxandrolone-17β-carboxylic acid
+Half-life:8–9 hours
+Metabolism:Liver via CYP3A4
+
+
+
+Chemistry
+<br>Molecular formula: C20H28O2. Synthesized from dienedione precursors with a 17-methyl group for oral activity.<br>
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+History
+<br>Developed by Searle in the 1950s as anabolic therapy. Approved by FDA in 1963 under brand name Oxandrin®. Widely studied in clinical trials for HIV-related weight loss during late-1980s AIDS epidemic.<br>
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+Society and culture
+<br>In competitive sports, it is banned by WADA due to performance-enhancing properties. Public debates exist around its role in transgender hormone therapy versus doping risks.<br>
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+Generic names
+<br>Oxandrolone (WHO INN), Oxanorol®.<br>
+
+Brand names
+
+Oxandrin® (United States) 
+Palboral® (Europe)
+
+
+Availability
+
+United States
+<br>Sold as Oxandrin under prescription. Generic versions available since 2018 after patent expiration.<br>
+
+Other countries
+<br>Avaialble in pharmacies requiring doctor's approval across EU and Commonwealth nations. Black market trade prevalent in some regions.<br>
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+Legal status
+<br>In the U.S., Schedule III under CSA (controlled substance). Internationally classified as a S4 drug under INCB treaties. Requires export/import permits under UN conventions.<br>
+
+References
+<br>Data compiled from FDA prescribing information, peer-reviewed journals, and clinical practice guidelines.<br>
+
+External links
+<br>National Library of Medicine Drug Portal  ClinicalTrials.gov studies on HIV-associated wasting syndrome<br>