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| Oxandrolone Wikipedia | |||||
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| Oxandrolone | |||||
| Contents | |||||
| Oxandrolone | |||||
| <br>Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from testosterone. It is known for its moderate anabolic effects and low androgenic activity, making it suitable for medical use in specific conditions.<br> | |||||
| Medical uses | |||||
| <br>It is prescribed to treat muscle wasting due to prolonged illness, malnutrition, or recovery after surgery. It also aids in weight gain following trauma and helps manage certain types of osteoporosis.<br> | |||||
| Non-medical uses | |||||
| <br>Non-medical use includes enhancement of athletic performance and bodybuilding, though these applications are not sanctioned by medical authorities due to associated risks.<br> | |||||
| Contraindications | |||||
| <br>Oxandrolone should not be used in patients with hypersensitivity, liver dysfunction, or pregnancy. It is also contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular issues or prostate cancer.<br> | |||||
| Side effects | |||||
| <br>Common side effects include acne, hair loss, and menstrual irregularities. Long-term use may lead to liver toxicity, increased cholesterol levels, and hormonal imbalances.<br> | |||||
| Interactions | |||||
| <br>Oxandrolone interacts with anticoagulants, diabetes medications, and other steroids. It may enhance the effects of insulin or reduce blood sugar control in diabetic patients.<br> | |||||
| Pharmacology | |||||
| <br>It acts as a selective anabolic agent, promoting protein synthesis while minimizing androgenic side effects. Its mechanism involves binding to androgen receptors and modulating metabolic pathways.<br> | |||||
| Pharmacodynamics | |||||
| <br>Oxandrolone increases muscle mass by enhancing nitrogen retention and red blood cell production. It also exhibits anti-catabolic properties, reducing protein breakdown in muscles.<br> | |||||
| Steroid configuration | |||||
| <br>The molecule contains a 5α-reduced structure and C17α-alkylation, which improves oral bioavailability and stability. These modifications distinguish it from other anabolic steroids.<br> | |||||
| Pharmacokinetics | |||||
| <br>It is well absorbed after oral administration, undergoes hepatic metabolism, and is excreted via urine and feces. Its half-life ranges from 8 to 12 hours in most individuals.<br> | |||||
| Chemistry | |||||
| <br>Oxandrolone has the chemical formula C21H30O3. It is a derivative of testosterone with structural modifications at carbon 5 and 17, enhancing its anabolic profile.<br> | |||||
| History | |||||
| <br>Developed in the 1960s by Searle (now part of Pfizer), it was initially marketed for medical use. Its application expanded over decades as research identified new therapeutic applications.<br> | |||||
| Society and culture | |||||
| <br>Oxandrolone is widely recognized in sports and bodybuilding communities, though its non-medical use remains controversial due to health risks and ethical concerns.<br> | |||||
| Generic names | |||||
| <br>The generic name is oxandrolone. It is also referred to as Anavar in some contexts.<br> | |||||
| Brand names | |||||
| <br>Common brand names include Anavar, Oxandrin, and others used in different regions for its medical applications.<br> | |||||
| Availability | |||||
| <br>Oxandrolone is available by prescription in most countries. Its distribution is tightly controlled due to potential misuse and abuse risks.<br> | |||||
| United States | |||||
| <br>In the U.S., it is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance, requiring a valid prescription for legal possession or use.<br> | |||||
| Other countries | |||||
| <br>Regulations vary globally. In some regions, it is available without prescription, while others enforce strict controls similar to U.S. standards.<br> | |||||
| Legal status | |||||
| <br>Oxandrolone is legally restricted in most countries due to its potential for abuse and health risks. Its use outside medical contexts often violates local laws.<br> | |||||
| References | |||||
| Medical literature on anabolic steroids | |||||
| Pharmacological studies on Oxandrolone | |||||
| External links | |||||