Oxandrolone Wikipedia

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Oxandrolone

Contents

Oxandrolone
Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from testosterone. It is known for its moderate anabolic effects and low androgenic activity, making it suitable for medical use in specific conditions.

Medical uses
It is prescribed to treat muscle wasting due to prolonged illness, malnutrition, or recovery after surgery. It also aids in weight gain following trauma and helps manage certain types of osteoporosis.

Non-medical uses
Non-medical use includes enhancement of athletic performance and bodybuilding, though these applications are not sanctioned by medical authorities due to associated risks.

Contraindications
Oxandrolone should not be used in patients with hypersensitivity, liver dysfunction, or pregnancy. It is also contraindicated in individuals with a history of cardiovascular issues or prostate cancer.

Side effects
Common side effects include acne, hair loss, and menstrual irregularities. Long-term use may lead to liver toxicity, increased cholesterol levels, and hormonal imbalances.

Interactions
Oxandrolone interacts with anticoagulants, diabetes medications, and other steroids. It may enhance the effects of insulin or reduce blood sugar control in diabetic patients.

Pharmacology
It acts as a selective anabolic agent, promoting protein synthesis while minimizing androgenic side effects. Its mechanism involves binding to androgen receptors and modulating metabolic pathways.

Pharmacodynamics
Oxandrolone increases muscle mass by enhancing nitrogen retention and red blood cell production. It also exhibits anti-catabolic properties, reducing protein breakdown in muscles.

Steroid configuration
The molecule contains a 5α-reduced structure and C17α-alkylation, which improves oral bioavailability and stability. These modifications distinguish it from other anabolic steroids.

Pharmacokinetics
It is well absorbed after oral administration, undergoes hepatic metabolism, and is excreted via urine and feces. Its half-life ranges from 8 to 12 hours in most individuals.

Chemistry
Oxandrolone has the chemical formula C21H30O3. It is a derivative of testosterone with structural modifications at carbon 5 and 17, enhancing its anabolic profile.

History
Developed in the 1960s by Searle (now part of Pfizer), it was initially marketed for medical use. Its application expanded over decades as research identified new therapeutic applications.

Society and culture
Oxandrolone is widely recognized in sports and bodybuilding communities, though its non-medical use remains controversial due to health risks and ethical concerns.

Generic names
The generic name is oxandrolone. It is also referred to as Anavar in some contexts.

Brand names
Common brand names include Anavar, Oxandrin, and others used in different regions for its medical applications.

Availability
Oxandrolone is available by prescription in most countries. Its distribution is tightly controlled due to potential misuse and abuse risks.

United States
In the U.S., it is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance, requiring a valid prescription for legal possession or use.

Other countries
Regulations vary globally. In some regions, it is available without prescription, while others enforce strict controls similar to U.S. standards.

Legal status
Oxandrolone is legally restricted in most countries due to its potential for abuse and health risks. Its use outside medical contexts often violates local laws.

References

Medical literature on anabolic steroids Pharmacological studies on Oxandrolone

External links